Jaws Essay

Section 1 Introduction: What is the movie called: Jaws Who guided it: Steven Speilbeig What is it about: It is about a shark assault Where is it, when is it set: Amity Island New England, fourth July Why is it set fourth July: It is determined to the fourth of July in light of the fact that on that date most Americans assemble around and invest energy with their famlies and go out to the sea shore will close then families can’t go to the sea shore. Section 2 Music: Describe how the shark is associated with the music in the title grouping: You can nearly picture the fatal shark coming ever nearer as you hear the drum thumping out of sight getting quicker and quicker, stronger and stronger pulsating like a consistently increasing pulse; prepared to assault his prey. Give two different instances of how the music or quietness is utilized to panic the crowd or construct strain: When the boisterous music plays it get energizing, however before the music start to being quick and uproarious its exceptionally low creation it not as energizing yet pressure building, so the pressure and excitment is acceptable, and as it develops get quicker and quicker the crowd realizes that something will happen gives it a dramtic impact. Passage 3 Camera methods: Describe the subsequent assault in detail and state how the camera was utilized to help develop strain and alarm the audience:The second assault is the point at which all the youngsters are playing on the ocean while there guardians watch, sunbathing, on the sea shore and Brody is carrying out his responsibility passed on searching for anything dubious on account of the past assault. The shark at that point assaults the little youngster. The camera edges develop pressure since it goes underneath the water and causes it to appear it’s from the sharks’ perspective and when it was assaulting it went from a separation so you could see all the people’s faces and exactly how precisely he was assaulted.

Childhood Free Essays

In her recollecting occasion exposition, Annie Dullard a teacher of English and author at Wesleyan College, reviews when her and her companions where pursued by a more abnormal that wouldn’t surrender. At seven years old, Dullard felt that nothing young ladies did could contrast with the trill and fervor she encountered while playing football and baseball with the young men. She was to some degree a boyish girl and had what a few people Like to call a young men arm. We will compose a custom article test on Youth or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now She cherished the two games, from the idea of new methodologies murmured among each other and tossing her body powerfully at someone’s legs to he fixation and fearlessness It took for a risk at triumph. When winter showed up there wasn’t any baseball or football; be that as it may, In the winter, they made and tossed snowballs at the approaching/active vehicles as they drove by. One cold and overcast morning after Christmas, Dullard and the young men wandered away from their homes looking for potential traffic to toss snowballs at. On Reynolds Street, a dark Buick was traveled toward them. They spread out immediately made snowballs, pointed, and propelled at the moving toward vehicle. As normal they hit their objective, yet this specific time was not quite the same as the various occasions. The driver pulled over, leaped out, and started pursuing the youthful adolescents. Without saying a word they all split up, except for Dullard and one of the little youngsters, Mike Fay. The furious man proceeded with the interest, following the two children with no indications of surrendering. A great many squares, through terraces and over picket wall Dullard and Fay fled with the man trailing intently behind. Before being gotten, they ran ten squares and were very depleted. Blockhead confesses to being unnerved, yet didn't need the brilliance to end. Adolescence By Foundation more bizarre that wouldn’t surrender. At seven years old, Dullard felt that nothing young ladies liked to call a young men arm. She adored the two games, from the idea of new methodologies the fixation and mental fortitude it took for a risk at triumph. When winter showed up there wasn’t any baseball or football; in any case, in the winter, they made and tossed snowballs at the approaching/active vehicles as they drove by. One cold and overcast morning after Christmas, Dullard and the young men wandered away from their homes specifically time was unique in relation to the various occasions. The driver pulled over, Jumped out, and started pursuing the youthful Juveniles. Without saying a word they all split The most effective method to refer to Childhood, Papers Youth Free Essays Positive conduct/condition unit addresses 010011 1. Portray what is implied by a positive situation and recognize the necessities that support a positive domain. The format of a physical situation is the collegues obligation and adds to giving every youngster positive results in their learning and advancement. We will compose a custom paper test on Adolescence or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now The accessible space will impact the manner in which the furnishings and hardware is set out. While it is imperative to make an appealing domain, everything ought to be protected, make sure about and have a reason that bolsters every region of the children’s advancement. All administrative necessity for youngsters under five years can be found in EYFS legal direction on the division of instruction site (www. instruction. organization. uk). All settings with youngsters under 16 for over two hours every day will be controlled by Ofsted. At the point when they assess the settings, they will need to see a positive situation in which childrens singular needs are being met. 2. Clarify how a constructive domain assists with supporting the enthusiastic needs of youngsters and youngsters. A positive domain underpins these necessities by guaranteeing and giving * A feeling of character Confidence * Socializing with other kids and grown-ups * Independence, making and picking own exercises * Positive conduct * Safe however agreeable regions to play * Interaction 3. Disclose how to adequately think about youngsters and youthful people’s skin, hair, and teeth Babies have various necessities to more established kids and youngsters. As youngsters grow up they become increasingly autonomous in their skin and haircare schedules. You should work with guardians to get some answers concerning a child’s skincare and haircare schedules. Each family has various schedules, needs and conventions. The guardians will likewise have the option to prompt on the best items to utilize if their youngster has a sensitivity or disturbance. Skincare assists with halting disease to the remainder of the body. On the off chance that a kid has messy skin or a contamination, the individual will feel awkward. Support the propensity for washing hands. HairCare * Find out about a children’s needs by conversing with them or their folks. * African-Carribean youngsters regularly have oil focused on hair, wear meshes and need less incessant hair washing * Allergies will require explicit items Head lice are normal. Treatment changes and can incorporate uncommon brushes and salves Toothcare Urging kids to clean their teeth after each dinner is significant. When youngsters are more established intensive teeth cleaning ought to be an acknowledged piece of their daily practice. 4. Portray the significance for physical and mental prosperity of adjusting times of physical movement with rest and calm time Physical action supports kids and youngsters to build up the entirety of their physical aptitudes and to rehearse abilities and to rehearse the abilities that they as of now have. Any setting should offer a wide scope of hardware that can be utilized both inside and outside. It is viewed as significant that youngsters are offered chances to build up their gross engine abilities inside just as outside. Such open doors might be given by assigned zones, for example, a delicate play zone. Kids with extra exceptional needs may have constrained play openings. It is the settings job to guarantee that they can do however many exercises as could reasonably be expected, for instance, by adjusting gear. 5. Portray approaches to guarantee that individual perspectives or convictions don't impede the nature of work. Keeping your own perspectives and your work separate Our own mentalities and convictions shape us as people and make us ‘unique’. Our own perspectives and convictions originate from an assortment of sources including our own youth, our related involvements and the mentalities of those near us. Everybody is qualified for a conclusion molded by their convictions, yet it is significant that the assessments of others formed by their convictions are not excused or tested adversely. Ensure that your own suppositions and mentalities don't undesiredly affect your work. 6. Depict the sorts of conduct issues that ought to be alluded to other people and to whom this ought to be alluded to. Gnawing Most kids quit gnawing by three years. Gnawing is basic in little children and is connected to dissatisfaction, as they are not yet talking. On the off chance that more seasoned youngsters are gnawing, there should be some examination. Animosity While most kids will quarrel and little children will hit out, more established youngsters ought to be increasingly controlled. Forceful acts, for example, hitting another kid for reasons unknown. Change of conduct Children whose conduct changes on specific days or who were fine before may require extra help. There are numerous reasons why children’s conduct may change out of nowhere including misuse, family partition or deprivation. Now and again a change in children’s is an indication of and that they need assistance. Consideration chasing While all youngsters need consideration, most kids as they get more seasoned find suitable methods of getting this consideration. Consideration looking for practices, for example, yelling, tipping things on the floor or purposely being unco-employable might be an indication of a basic trouble. Tormenting/Name calling Children who call names and offer hostile comments are regularly rehashing remarks that they have heard. Comments, for example, ‘fatty’ or ‘stupid, should be tested however so that youngsters are not accused for what they have said. To allude or not to allude? Some children’s conduct might be an indication that they need extra help. This implies as a setting and childcare specialist you have to perceive when youngsters should be alluded to another collegue or an expert. As you have perused, the beginning stage for reacting to unseemly conduct is to consider whether the conduct is connected to the child’s improvement. This is significant as, while you would prefer not to support this conduct, you should not make a get worked up about it either as it is probably going to be brief. When working with youngsters under three, it is likely for instance, that there will be a few cases of grabbing and gnawing. This kind of conduct needs, overseeing, yet it isn't probably going to require a referral as most youngsters with help will develop out of it. Then again, if an offspring of four years is as yet gnawing, this will require alluding. 7. Make a rundown of the various reasons why individuals speak with each other. Individuals convey to; * Give data * Receive data * Give directions * Receive guidelines * Discuss a circumstance * Make a point or blueprint a worry * Express a need * Negotiate * Develop learning 8. Clarify why it is essential to watch an individual’s responses when speaking with them. At the point when you speak with youngsters or grown-ups it is significant that you consider what every individual is feeling and what they need to state. You can do this via cautiously watching an assortment of responses. A few grown-ups or kids are sufficiently sure to communicate verbally, however for some you may just have the option to check their reaction by watching their outward appearances, non-verbal communication or what they don't state it is in this manner significant that you build up the abilities to ‘read’ youngsters and grown-up

Job Description

Job Description Job Description Home›Descriptive Posts›Job Description Descriptive PostsJob Description â€" International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)Title: Human Resource ManagerReports to:  Chief Executive Officer, New YorkBased at:  International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), New YorkJob purpose:To plan and execute human resource management duties and responsibilities, in order to uphold and advance human resources’ effectiveness in the organization according to established corporate policies.Key Responsibilities and AccountabilitiesPlan, develop and execute human resource management and development strategy: comprising of wages and conditions, discipline, selection and employment procedure, complaint, training, counseling, contracts, development, motivation, contracts, counseling, quality management, culture development, performance evaluationsCreate and maintain and suitable methods for gauging essential features of Human resource growth in the organizationObserve, gauge an d report on Human Resource matters, chances and development strategies and attainments within approved set-ups and periodsDevelop and manage direct reporting workers, and ensure diversity and cultural development among employees in the businessControl and manage departmental expenses within approved budgets of the organizationLink with other departmental managers in order to comprehend all essential facets and requirements of human resource development, and to make certain they are completely well-versed with HR aims, purposes and accomplishmentsUphold consciousness and understanding of present human growth theory and approaches and offer appropriate explanation to managers, directors and personnel within the businessAssist in the assessment and improvement of human resource plan and routine in collaboration with the managerial team of the companyEnsure actions meet with and incorporate with organizational necessities for excellent organization, fitness and safety, lawful conditions , environmental strategies and overall responsibility of maintenance in within the companyPerform the tasks of a business administrator in accordance with legal and moral valuesCollaborate with other relevant departments in order to organize seminars and conferences on human resource development in the organizationOversee employment processes in the organization by going through the applications, shortlisting and preparing for interviews and correspondenceAdvise the organizational departments on employment rules and regulations and occasional salary reviews and adjustments in the companyCounsel workers in the organization in accordance with various issues at hand in the organizationEnsure quality management of business and effective motivation of the employees in the business towards excellent performanceRequirementsPossess a Bachelor’s degree in Human Resource Management, Business Administration or any other related fieldShould have a post graduate degree or Master’s degree in Human Resource, Business Administration or any other related field.should have minimum experience of 5 years in a similar positionGood communication and leadership skillsInnovative and team building skillsHave excellent computer skillsHave fluent working languages English, FrenchShould demonstrate high level of commitment and corporationCapable of working independently under minimum supervisionHave integrity and hard workPossess excellent analytical thinking skillsShould be capable of taking initiativeShould have excellent performanceShould have customer attentionHave excellent knowledge on business laws and regulationsDate and other relevant internal referencesThose who meet the above requirements and qualifications should submit their applications, with relevant testimonials and salary expectations online before July 1, 2011. Applications are done online through the following e-mail address; intbusmco@ibn.us.orgDate posted: 22nd May, 2011Deadline: 1st July, 2011Part 2: CommentsEqu al Employment Opportunity (EEO) is an initiative that ensures that employment by organizations is done equally to all groups of people regardless of their racial, religious, gender abilities and political affiliations. Many organizations today have incorporated the initiative in their systems; hence making employment fair and diverse. Nonetheless, there are certain challenges associated with Equal Employment Opportunity.To start with, the initiative encourages discrimination against certain groups in the workplace. For example, sometimes, the physically handicapped are looked down in the workforce. This happens when duties and responsibilities are being shared in the organization, as the physically challenged are assigned light duties since they are underestimated. Female workers are also limited to lower positions as they are seen as incapable of carrying out sophisticated tasks. Moreover, female workers are looked down upon to an extent that they are sexually harassed by the senio r members who perceive them as sexual objects.Equal Employment Opportunity also poses a challenge to an organization as it forces it to hire certain group of people. The consideration given to diversity and equality makes an organization hire unqualified staff at the expense of the competent ones. For that reason, the organization will perform ineffectively due to incompetent workforce. What is more, people still face racism in foreign countries as they are lowly regarded. Although the policy is meant to control racism work places, immigrants and foreigners are discriminated in new counties. In fact some are denied job opportunities or given inferior opportunities in various organizations. Furthermore, those who get employment chances in foreign countries are segregated by the natives. In fact, there are certain places that are only occupied by the immigrants, and face challenging economic times because of the high costs of living in the foreign countries.In conclusion, although it was aimed at eradicating of discrimination during employment process, the Equal Employment Opportunity policy poses certain challenges to organizations. Therefore, there is need to revisit the policy so as to reduce the challenges associated with it. As a result, the organizations will realize effectiveness and improved business performance.

Job Description

Job Description Job Description Home›Descriptive Posts›Job Description Descriptive PostsJob Description â€" International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)Title: Human Resource ManagerReports to:  Chief Executive Officer, New YorkBased at:  International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), New YorkJob purpose:To plan and execute human resource management duties and responsibilities, in order to uphold and advance human resources’ effectiveness in the organization according to established corporate policies.Key Responsibilities and AccountabilitiesPlan, develop and execute human resource management and development strategy: comprising of wages and conditions, discipline, selection and employment procedure, complaint, training, counseling, contracts, development, motivation, contracts, counseling, quality management, culture development, performance evaluationsCreate and maintain and suitable methods for gauging essential features of Human resource growth in the organizationObserve, gauge an d report on Human Resource matters, chances and development strategies and attainments within approved set-ups and periodsDevelop and manage direct reporting workers, and ensure diversity and cultural development among employees in the businessControl and manage departmental expenses within approved budgets of the organizationLink with other departmental managers in order to comprehend all essential facets and requirements of human resource development, and to make certain they are completely well-versed with HR aims, purposes and accomplishmentsUphold consciousness and understanding of present human growth theory and approaches and offer appropriate explanation to managers, directors and personnel within the businessAssist in the assessment and improvement of human resource plan and routine in collaboration with the managerial team of the companyEnsure actions meet with and incorporate with organizational necessities for excellent organization, fitness and safety, lawful conditions , environmental strategies and overall responsibility of maintenance in within the companyPerform the tasks of a business administrator in accordance with legal and moral valuesCollaborate with other relevant departments in order to organize seminars and conferences on human resource development in the organizationOversee employment processes in the organization by going through the applications, shortlisting and preparing for interviews and correspondenceAdvise the organizational departments on employment rules and regulations and occasional salary reviews and adjustments in the companyCounsel workers in the organization in accordance with various issues at hand in the organizationEnsure quality management of business and effective motivation of the employees in the business towards excellent performanceRequirementsPossess a Bachelor’s degree in Human Resource Management, Business Administration or any other related fieldShould have a post graduate degree or Master’s degree in Human Resource, Business Administration or any other related field.should have minimum experience of 5 years in a similar positionGood communication and leadership skillsInnovative and team building skillsHave excellent computer skillsHave fluent working languages English, FrenchShould demonstrate high level of commitment and corporationCapable of working independently under minimum supervisionHave integrity and hard workPossess excellent analytical thinking skillsShould be capable of taking initiativeShould have excellent performanceShould have customer attentionHave excellent knowledge on business laws and regulationsDate and other relevant internal referencesThose who meet the above requirements and qualifications should submit their applications, with relevant testimonials and salary expectations online before July 1, 2011. Applications are done online through the following e-mail address; intbusmco@ibn.us.orgDate posted: 22nd May, 2011Deadline: 1st July, 2011Part 2: CommentsEqu al Employment Opportunity (EEO) is an initiative that ensures that employment by organizations is done equally to all groups of people regardless of their racial, religious, gender abilities and political affiliations. Many organizations today have incorporated the initiative in their systems; hence making employment fair and diverse. Nonetheless, there are certain challenges associated with Equal Employment Opportunity.To start with, the initiative encourages discrimination against certain groups in the workplace. For example, sometimes, the physically handicapped are looked down in the workforce. This happens when duties and responsibilities are being shared in the organization, as the physically challenged are assigned light duties since they are underestimated. Female workers are also limited to lower positions as they are seen as incapable of carrying out sophisticated tasks. Moreover, female workers are looked down upon to an extent that they are sexually harassed by the senio r members who perceive them as sexual objects.Equal Employment Opportunity also poses a challenge to an organization as it forces it to hire certain group of people. The consideration given to diversity and equality makes an organization hire unqualified staff at the expense of the competent ones. For that reason, the organization will perform ineffectively due to incompetent workforce. What is more, people still face racism in foreign countries as they are lowly regarded. Although the policy is meant to control racism work places, immigrants and foreigners are discriminated in new counties. In fact some are denied job opportunities or given inferior opportunities in various organizations. Furthermore, those who get employment chances in foreign countries are segregated by the natives. In fact, there are certain places that are only occupied by the immigrants, and face challenging economic times because of the high costs of living in the foreign countries.In conclusion, although it was aimed at eradicating of discrimination during employment process, the Equal Employment Opportunity policy poses certain challenges to organizations. Therefore, there is need to revisit the policy so as to reduce the challenges associated with it. As a result, the organizations will realize effectiveness and improved business performance.

An Analysis of A Nurses Reflection Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Similarly, the other procedure, which was to keep a continual reminder to the patient to cough as frequent as possible within an hour to aid in the drainage of the pleural space and lung expansion, was a procedure I failed drastically (O'carroll, M. Park, A. 2007, 39). This was because of the sympathy derived from the sight of the patient put under the chest tube and looking frail while struggling to breathe. A regular assessment of the status of the respiratory progress was a procedure I executed perfectly. Observing the patient for any sort of discomfort in exhalation and inhalation to establish if the chest is undergoing asymmetric expansion was paramount (Parker, M. Smith, M. 2010, 78). The observations were within a period of an hour. However, the procedure of water seal maintenance was a challenge to me. This is essential in the prevention of air entry into the pleural space. The patient looked too frail to keep on adjusting the equipment placed on him, hence giving me a har d time in maintaining the water seal. This part of the process is equally important in ensuring that the level of fluid in the drainage bottle is enough for the seat tube to remain submerged at the required level so that the chest drain removal occurs without fail. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of A Nurse's Reflection or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The experience that I received from executing the process of chest drain removal made me learn a couple of lessons. I understood the importance of learning nursing theories as well as being able to perform even the basic steps. Having adequate knowledge of nursing theories alone does not make a good nurse. I found out that the ability to take care of patients in the hospital is a practical skill that makes a nurse better. There were numerous challenges that enhanced my hands-on experience as a professional nurse. For instance, maintaining the water seal was an uphill task for me. However, after the process was over, I reflected that the challenge was worthwhile since it gave me room to improve my skills on it. There were challenging steps for me in the whole process.

Importance Of Unions History And Significance - 946 Words

The Importance of Unions: History and Significance The earliest union was formed in 1768 in New York by Shoemakers. Since then unions continued to be formed but were deliberately exclusive to both specific workers and/or colors. Subsequently, at the beginning of the 1900’s the wage continued to be low, child labor and long work days were common with little to no healthcare, and workers had unsafe working conditions. The labor movement in the United States grew from the muckrakers informing the public of the need to protect the workers and provide them with fair and reasonable wages, hours, and working conditions (Leading the way: The progressive movement, 1890-1920, 2014, p. 610-612). The labor movement led efforts to stop child labor, give health benefits and provide aid to workers who were injured or retired (Labor movement - facts summary - HISTORY.com, n.d.). This paper will discuss how general labor unions affected changes through politics and laws historically and discuss how unions have affected the field of Respirato ry Therapy. How Labor Unions have Affected Change In 1900, during the Progressive Era, Unions began to grow at a strong rate, only strengthened by the events of the time (U.S. Department of Labor -- History -- 6. Progressive Ideas, n.d.): 1) In 1900 the AFL and National Civic Federation promoted trade agreements with employers and the U.S. Industrial Commission declared trade unions are good for democracy, and attempts made to pass workersShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Terrence Vincent Powderly1461 Words   |  6 PagesRailroad at the early age of 13, his educational career then ended. A few short years later, at the age of 17, Powderly become a machinist and pursued that line of work for eleven years. In 1871 Powderly joined the Machinists’ and Blacksmith’s Union and a year later was appointed the organization’s president. A few years later in 1874 Powderly joined another secretive organization named the Knights of Labor. He quickly progressed into a leadership role as Corresponding Secretary. In FebruaryRead MoreThe Caucasus And The Territorial Integrity of Russia940 Words   |  4 Pagesin 1920s. The Bolshevik rule prevailed from 1920 to 1991 and distinguished itself with divide-and-ru le policies, exiles and executions. Russian control over former Soviet republics weakened with the end of Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. As the economic downfall continued, some regions in Russian Federation such as Chechnya also claimed their sovereignty form Russia. Russia saw this as a threat to its territorial integrity. In following years Russia struggled to regain controlRead MoreDefinition Of Marriage On The Church And Beyond Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pageswoman that joins their lives legitimately, financially, inwardly, and physically. 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What is Suicide and Why Does It Occur - 1142 Words

â€Å"Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem.† Phil Donahue said these words, hoping to send a message; a message that suicide is a temporary and irreparable solution to an otherwise less than unmanageable problem. Suicide continues to be a phenomenon that no one fully understands. The rise of suicide can be directly interpreted by its precursors and their validity in newer generations such as adolescents in a time and society such as this. Suicide has moved from the realm of total taboo to a topic of increasing interest and concern for ail. Suicide, as a means of ending ones life, is not an accepted way to die in western culture. Some researchers have alluded that it may be normal for someone to use suicide as a means of†¦show more content†¦This integration is constantly being guided by family and societal rules. If these tasks are not fully completed, then Erikson suggests that that individual will experience a psychosocial crisis. A psychosocial cr isis is a person’s efforts to adjust to the demands of the social. environment at each stage of development. These demands are usually guidelines and expectations of behavior made by family and society. Meeting these demands may call for more self control or more skill development. For sorne individuals, the demands lead to tension, which is what Erikson refers to as a crisis. The word crisis is normal set of stresses and strains, rather than an extraordinary range of events (Newman Newman 1984, p.31). These eight stages of development include: Autonomy from parents, physical maturity, sex-role identity, integrated morality, career choice, formal operations, emotional development, and membership in peer groups. A person may have been receiving subtle messages that they are unwanted and expendable. These feelings of being unwanted can escalate during adolescence, and the messages received can foster suicide attempts. 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In current times, suicide is a plague that science is attempting to help bring down; however, in â€Å"2 B R 0 2 B,† suicide is the only way to allow a newborn child to survive, a national department was created, and people became willfully ignorant of what occurs in the department. Through this dreary image of a society, one character gives insight to the true nature- the painterRead MoreTeens that Commit Suicide Are Not Selfish1080 Words   |  4 Pagesa teen, we stumble upon different issues that are overbearing and stressful. One of the major problems is teenage suicide. Teenage suicide is slowly arising, and is becoming more serious year after year. â€Å"Suicide is the third leading cause of death for teens†(†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦). As a result, it is progressively important on how we handle suicide, the major affects it causes, and understanding why teens choose to take that pathway. The teenage years are one of the roughest years to face. You go through bullyingRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal1130 Words   |  5 PagesDoes a suffering person have the right to end their own life? That is the main debate behind assisted suicide. Assisted suicide is a ve ry secret, but surprisingly available option for suffering people. The documentary The Suicide Plan focuses on the people who believe assisted suicide should be legal. The documentary takes us inside the hidden world of assisted suicide, as seen through the eyes of the people considering it. Assisted suicide is only legal for terminally ill patients in Oregon andRead MoreThe Construction Of The War On Terrorism1103 Words   |  5 Pagesor threatened use of force against civilians to provoke political or social change. Shared elements of terrorism also include that it is political in nature or intent, its perpetrators are non state actors, and its targets are noncombatants. In â€Å"What Is Terrorism?,† terrorism expert, Bruce Hoffman notes that the acts of terrorism began over 2,000 years ago. In the past, any violence that was perpetrated by an individual on the behalf of an existing organizational entity or movement with an identifiableRead MoreBullied to Death in School Essay625 Words   |  3 Pagescommitting suicide in the past year alone. --- Bullied to Death in Americas Schools - ABC News - Oct 15, 2010   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Approximately twelve, 8-10 year old children commit suicide every year because they are victims of bullying. Whereas 1.3 million children a year bully others. What is bullying? As defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a bully is one who hurts or intimidates others. This assault may occur in two principle forms, verbal or physical. There are specific reasons why bullyingRead MoreThe Between China And China736 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction From January 23rd, 2010 till now, there are over 30 similar suicides happen in Mainland, China. Even in the January, 2010, there were 13 labours jumped from the residence to kill themselves. All the victims were the workers that worked for the technology company called FIH Mobile Limited which was known as Foxconn International Holdings Limited before they died. It brought the whole society to concern about what was happened in the Taiwan technology company. Then it was found out that

As I Sat Across From My Boss At Work The Other Day, A Flourish Of Hot Essay Example For Students

As I Sat Across From My Boss At Work The Other Day, A Flourish Of Hot Essay air and smoke struck my face. The toxic smoke came from his stained mouth. The fumes from the cigarette he was smoking gagged me, forcing me to cough up the disgusting gas. Yet, I said nothing to him and acted as if it didnt bother me. I then realized how this happens far too often. Americans must not condone smoking by not saying anything, but take responsibility for their health and the health of others. People must convince walking smokestacks to quit this rude, and foul habit of smoking. The cost that smoking has on society far outreaches the $2.59 that people pay for a pack of cigarettes. It is estimated that each year over 100 billion dollars is lost to smoking on everything from lost productivity of smokers, to the wasted money on cartons of Marlbros. The cost of insurance also is increased because of smoking. Life insurance for a smoker is double that of nonsmokers, but it is also increased for non-smokers because of the effects of second hand smoke. Cigarettes are the second most advertised product on the market. Almost four billion dollars is spent on the promotion of the sales of cigarettes. This money could be used for a more valuable cause like cancer research or conservation of rain forests. Instead its wasted on the promotion of a product that hurts the user as well as everyone associated with them. The business industry also feels the effects of smoking. Factories and corporations alike must build ventilated smoking areas for smokers to take a cigarette break. They then must build a non-smoking lounge so nonsmokers dont have to ingest the horrid vapors. Companies must also make up for lost work when the smokers are absent. The average smoker will miss six and half more days than a nonsmoker. This forces healthy nonsmoking workers to pick-up the slack for the coughing, infected smokers. Business owners should not put up with smokers missing days and taking cigarettes breaks. They shouldnt endorse their addiction, but help them to quit this nasty addiction by setting up rehabilitation sessions. Smoking not only effects the person who is inhaling, but everybody around them. Aside from turning the pink flourishing lungs of a smoker dismal black, the second hand smoke scars the lungs of innocent bystanders. Second hand smoke is extremely harmful to both adults and children. Each year over 3000 people die due to the toxic second hand smoke. Children are probably most effected by the exhaled soot. There are over 4000 different chemicals that are pushed into the atmosphere for every puff taken. These deadly chemicals can be inhaled by helpless kids going about their childhood. That is why each year 225,000 infants and small children go to the hospital with respiratory tract infections due to second hand smoke. We shouldnt put up with smokers who pollute childrens clean air. Americans have always made excuses for smokers, saying theyre hooked and deserve special rights. Nonsmokers should speak out against smokers that hurt our country. Everybody has the right to breath clean, fres h air, without running the risk of hurting themselves.The putrid gas omitted by cigarette smoke doesnt only hinder the smokers health, but everybodys health.Society must convince smokers that its not worth the risk. Smoking isnt worth dying for.

Tonicity on cell membrane lab report Essay Example

Tonicity on cell membrane lab report Paper Unknown solution C showed no change to the RUB shape, it was suggested that unknown solution C was isotonic. To confirm the tonality of unknown solutions A, B and C, a potato strip was placed in 3 separate tubes containing each unknown solution. After each potato strip soaked for twenty minutes it was proven; unknown solution A was hypersonic due to the flaccidity of the potato strip. Unknown solution B proved to be hypotonic because the potato felt extremely rigid. Lastly, the potato strip soaking in unknown solution C was flexible which proved to be isotonic. From those results each unknown solution was established and allowing the determination of tonality for unknown solutions A, B and C. Introduction The cell membrane was discovered by Swiss botanist Carl Engaged and C. Cramer in 1855. 2 The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane is a phosphoric bilateral. Each phosphoric molecule contains a polar head, composed of a phosphate group and glycerol that is hydrophilic (water-loving) and soluble in water, as well as a monopole tail, composed of fatty acids that is hydrophobic (water-fearing) and insoluble in water. The polar heads are on he two surfaces of the lipid bilateral facing the extracurricular and intracellular environment, while the monopole tails are in the interior of the bilateral away from the water. Because the fatty acid tails cling together, phosphoric in the presence of water form a self-sealing bilateral. The most important function of the plasma membrane is to serve as a selective barrier for materials enterin g and exiting the cell. Plasma membranes have selective permeability. We will write a custom essay sample on Tonicity on cell membrane lab report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tonicity on cell membrane lab report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tonicity on cell membrane lab report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Gases pass through easily, water passes through via transport channels known as aspirins, ions penetrate the membrane very slowly, and larger molecules such as protein) cannot penetrate the plasma membrane without the help of transport proteins. Materials move across plasma membranes in two ways: passive and active transport. In passive transport, substances move across the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (down the concentration gradient) without the use of energy. In active transport the cell must use energy to push substances from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration (against the concentration gradient). Passive transport includes osmosis, which was discovered by French botanist, Henry Trochee in 1826. 4 Osmosis is the net movement of solvent molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area with high concentration of solvent molecules (low concentration of solute molecules) to an area of low concentration of solvent molecules (high concentration of solute molecules). Osmosis attempts to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides. Tonality is the amount of solute in a solution. A Solute is any dissolved substance in a solution. An isotonic solutions concentration of solutes is equal to inside the cell. The solvent leaves and enters the cell at the same rate, therefore there is no et change; the cells contents are in equilibrium with the solution outside the cell wall. A hypotonic solution outside the ce ll has a concentration of solutes that is lower than inside the cell. This tonality causes the solvent to rush into the cell, forcing the cell to swell and sometimes burst (osmotic lysine). A hypersonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell, causing the solvent to leave the cell. Cells placed in a hypersonic solution will shrink as the solvent leaves the cells. Plant cells react differently to osmosis than animal cells. When an animal cell is placed in a hypersonic solution, water will leave the cell causing it to shrink, this is known as creation. When a plant cell is placed in a hypersonic solution the cell membrane will pull away from the cell wall, making the plant flaccid, this is known as polynomials. When an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will rush in to the cell, causing it to swell and sometimes burst. A plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution will also swell due to water rushing in, but will resist rupturing due to the rigid cell wall. Plant cells come more rigid in a hypotonic solution. In this activity we will be observing the effects of potato slices and red blood cells being placed in varying molar levels of Niacin. Methods The materials used for the first part of the experiment comprised of the following: a microscope, 4 slides, 4 slide covers, blood samples, lancet, a sheet of paper towel, 3 test tube droppers, Solutions A, Solutions B, and Solution C. Blood samples from a volunteer within the group were used to conduct the experiment. The volunteers hands were thoroughly washed and an alcohol swab was applied to further sanitize the hands. To gather the blood samples needed, a lancet was properly placed on the forefinger and a firm pressure was applied, which activated the needle inside to spring forward and pierce through the skin. The pierced through finger was massaged to ensure sufficient amount of blood was extracted. A drop of blood was placed in each of the slides. Immediately after, 1 drop of Solution A was added to Slide 2, 1 drop of Solution B was added to Slide 3, and 1 drop of Solution C was added to Slide 4. Slide 1 served as the control, therefore, no solution drops were added to Slide 1. All 4 slides were lined up on paper towel with its corresponding labels: Control, Solution A, Solution B, and Solution C. Once all slides were prepared, the microscope was adjusted appropriately. The slide labeled Control was placed under the microscope at the lowest magnification. The microscope was further calibrated and adjusted accordingly to the higher magnification to view best results under the microscope. The team reviewed the tonality and size of the cells under the microscope and observations were noted. The next 3 slides were viewed under the microscope in the same manner as the control slide. Each slide as examined, evaluated, and analyzed by the individual team members. Observations and conclusions were drawn for each slide and solution. The following materials were prepared for the second part of the experiment: four pieces of potato sliced in identical proportions, Solution A, Solution B, and Solution C in its respective containers with corresponding labels. One potato was placed on a clean piece of paper towel and was labeled the control. The three remaining slices of potato were each placed in a Solutions container and submerged for twenty minutes. After twenty minutes, potatoes were taken UT of the solutions and placed on the paper towel. Each potato was evaluated and analyzed by the individual team members. Observations were noted and conclusions were drawn for each potato and solution. Results Image l. A drop of blood is smeared onto a glass slide, without any added solution, and then examined under a microscope. This is the Control slide, which will facilitate comparison and contrast of red blood cells in different unknown solutions. Image II. A drop of blood is smeared onto a glass slide with an Unknown Solution A and examined under the microscope. Compared to the Control, shrinkage of red blood cells is evident, which suggests creation. Image Ill. Solution B is added to a drop of blood on a glass slide, which is then evaluated under a microscope. In comparison to the Control slide, the red blood cells are swollen. Image IV. This image is displaying a drop of blood that is mixed with Unknown Solution C. Upon observation, the red blood cells maintained the same shape as our control sample. The solution equally moved in and out of each cell. Discussion Cells placed in solution A, displayed signs of creation, indicating the solution was hypersonic. The cells that were placed in solution B showed signs that they were swelling and that hemolytic taking place as well as, indicating the solution was hypotonic. Lastly, cells were placed in solution C, which maintained constant volume and pressure, identical to our control indicating the solution was isotonic. The findings were consistent with the principle behind tonality. Hypersonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes than the cell; therefore, the cell displays water flowing out to maintain equilibrium, thus resulting in creation. On the other hand, in hypotonic solution, the extracurricular space has a lower incineration of solutes, thus enabling water to flow in, which results in cell swelling and possibly hemolytic. In a hypotonic environment, where the water moves into the cell by osmosis and causes its volume to increase to the point where the volume exceeds the membranes capacity and the cell bursts. In isotonic solution, the solute concentrations are in equilibrium so there is equal movement of water in or out of the cell. Tonality is the relative concentration of solutions that determine the direction and extent of diffusion. Cells have a certain malarial and when they are placed in a solution of different malarial, a incineration gradient forms and that creates osmotic pressure on the cells membrane. In order to maintain equilibr ium between the cell and the solution, passive transport occurs. As mentioned above, there are three levels of tonality: isotonic, hypotonic and hypersonic. We also observed strips of potatoes in the same solutions A, B and C. When the potato was placed in hypersonic solution, the cells shrunk, allowing more room to bend without breaking. In an isotonic solution, there was equal movement of water so the potato remained at the same rigidity. In a hypotonic solution, the cells became swollen and closer gather, making the potato more rigid. Conclusion Initially, this experiment was to determine the effects of tonality (Hypersonic; cells shrink, Hypotonic; cells swell, Isotonic; cells remain the same) on a cell B, C). The data collected during this experiment supported the determination of the effects of tonality, the relative concentration of solutions that determine the direction and extent of diffusion. After the initial prick of the finger a drop of blood was placed on each slide. For slides A, B and C there was one drop of the each unknown solution then the cover was placed over the blood. Immediately, there after the slide was placed under a microscope for a real naked eye view of the red blood cells. There were 4 slides in total including the control slide. What was not expected to occur was for the controlled slide to have had too much blood dropped which resulted in the cells not separating at all. It was determined that a second control slide was needed. The three slides with the unknown solution were inspected under the microscope as well. During this time it was noted whether each unknown solution mixed with the blood sample was Hypersonic, Hypotonic or Isotonic. After, completing this experiment the next step was to do the same with the potato strips. The potatoes were placed in each unknown solution for twenty minutes. It was also noted that each of the potatoes in the unknown solutions had the same reaction as the red blood cells. The potato in unknown solution A was hypersonic due to the flaccidity of the potato strip. The cells within the potato shrunk. Unknown solution B proved to be hypotonic because the potato felt extremely rigid. The cells became swollen. Unknown solution C proved to be isotonic. The potato was flexible and not too rigid or flaccid. The potato placed in solution C was the most similar to the control potato, which was not placed in any fluid.

Spelling Tips Doubling Consonants when Adding a Suffix

Spelling Tips Doubling Consonants when Adding a Suffix Spelling Tips: Doubling Consonants when Adding a Suffix The â€Å"doubling up† rule (also known as the â€Å"1:1:1 rule†) is one of the few rules in English spelling that is correct most of the time. Given how confusing English can be, we find this reliability oddly comforting. Let’s look at how it works. What is the â€Å"Doubling Up† Rule? The â€Å"doubling up† rule states that, when adding a vowel suffix (e.g., â€Å"-ing† or â€Å"-ed†) to a single syllable word that ends with one vowel followed by one consonant, we should double the final consonant. For instance, â€Å"dig† gains an extra â€Å"g† when changed to â€Å"digging.† Additional examples include: Base Word (Single Consonant) With Vowel Suffix (Double Consonant) Star Starring, Starred, Starry Run Running, Runner Big Biggest, Bigger As you can see with â€Å"starry† (i.e., lit by stars) above, â€Å"y† is sometimes treated as a vowel when using this rule. Other words like this include â€Å"sunny,† â€Å"blurry† and â€Å"furry.† The Exceptions The only universal spelling rule in English is that there’s actually no universal spelling rule in English. As such, we need to mention a few exceptions: words that end in â€Å"w,† â€Å"x† or â€Å"y.† These letters aren’t usually doubled in English, so single syllable words that end in a vowel plus â€Å"w,† â€Å"x† or â€Å"y† don’t require doubling the final letter when adding a vowel suffix: Base Word (Single Consonant) With Vowel Suffix (Double Consonant) Play Playing, Player, Played Snow Snowing, Snowiest, Snowed Box Boxing, Boxer, Boxed Multi-Syllable Words Things get a bit trickier with words that are more than one syllable long. Some still require doubling the final consonant when adding a vowel suffix, such as: Base Word (Single Consonant) With Vowel Suffix (Double Consonant) Begin Beginning, Beginner Regret Regretting, Regretted Control Controlling, Controlled, Controller These are generally words where the final syllable is stressed. When the final syllable of a multis include: Base Word (Single Consonant) With Vowel Suffix (Single Consonant) Open Opening, Opened Listen Listening, Listened, Listener Happen Happening, Happened In some cases, whether to double the final consonant depends on the suffix added. â€Å"Prefer,† for example, gains an extra â€Å"r† in â€Å"preferred† or â€Å"preferring.† This is because, in both, the final syllable is stressed. However, no doubling is required in â€Å"preference,† since the final syllable here is unstressed. There are also some words that end in an â€Å"-l† that are conventionally spelled with a single consonant in American English, but take a double consonant in British or Canadian English: Base Word American English (Single Consonant) British/Canadian English (Double Consonant) Travel Traveled, Traveling, Traveler Travelled, Travelling, Traveller Cancel Canceled, Canceling Cancelled, Cancelling Model Modeled, Modeling, Modeler Modelled, Modelling, Modeller As such, it’s important to proofread your work carefully and double check any words that you’re not 100% sure are spelled correctly.

Business Plan Decs Decking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Business Plan Decs Decking - Essay Example Items such as quantity of work output as well as attendance and quality of output will be measured. For each employee who illustrates superior total performance, a (not yet determined) monetary supplement will be added to their base salary in recognition for their efforts. 21 Establishing such a system ensures the integrity of the company, as well as satisfying total quality management objectives. The aim is to ensure employee satisfaction, while still building a community reputation for quality products and services. 21 Decs Decking and Landscaping has established three specific objectives in the pursuit of creating growth and short-term profitability; which the ownership deems as a viable set of business requirements. These include: The business and its ownership believes that these objectives are highly attainable, achieved through aggressive advertising and promotion, as well as establishing business relationships with various suppliers. Decs Decking and Landscaping intends to pursue its expanded objective of establishing remote facilities by conducting marketing research (customer demographic studies) to determine which geographical regions are most suited to the high-end services that the business provides. We believe that the key to success for contemporary businesses lies in maintaining a superior level of customer service. Our mission is to provide superior products and services while maintaining our uncompromising principles as the business continues to grow. Decs Decking and Landscaping will utilise three specific guiding principles to assist in measuring the effectiveness of our decision-making: Consistently improving on the level of customer service that Decs Decking and Landscaping provides. Measuring this level of customer satisfaction will be accomplished through the utilisation of surveys and questionnaires aimed at gathering customer perceptions of their level of received service

Intellectuals and Revolutionary Politics Term Paper

Intellectuals and Revolutionary Politics - Term Paper Example Even though telling the half of the story, this description is perhaps among the most comprehensive ones, shedding light on such a contradictory personality and intellectual path. Another part is told by Sorel’s own ideas expressed in his writings which to one degree or another reveal his preoccupation with themes like integration and disintegration, decadence, rebirth, and decline; as well as his deepest sentiments – the aggressive and overwhelming pessimism and his strong desire of deliverance. His notion of pessimism - as a notion of an advance toward deliverance, closely connected to the knowledge gained from experience of the obstacles resisting the satisfaction of human’s imagination and to the deep conviction of human beings’ natural weakness - perhaps most powerfully reveals the breadth and width of his meandering soul (Sorel, G. 192- 226) Sorel regards pain and suffering as instrumental in riveting human beings to life, and scorns those who promis e easy solutions and rapid improvement, assuming that the natural tendency toward dissolution and decay is a universal law (Talmon, J. L. 453-454). Having embraced the theory of Marx by the early 1890s, George Sorel added some flesh to the confused blur of his ideas; the universal sinner and perpetrator of all the sufferings of the poor has been found, personified by the evils of capitalism. From that point on, the integral trade unionism, as a bearer of a new morality, became the new ‘self-sufficient kingdom of God’ (Talmon 456), whose destine is seen by Sorel ‘to enthrone a new civilization on the ruins of the decaying bourgeoisie. From here to hailing Mussolini as ‘a man no less extraordinary than Lenin’ (Talmon 451), Sorel has had a short way to go. Sorel’s roaming between Marx, trade unionism and fascism is easily explained, given his rejection of the very idea of any guidance, supervision or control, either from outside or from above; whi ch is considered to have prepared him to endorse Mussolini’s famous slogan: ‘Every system is an error, every theory is a prison’ (Talmon 467). This slogan appears to fully match Sorel’s ever seeking (though most of the time on mistaken or strange grounds) spirituality. 2. Both Jean-Paul Sartre and Frantz Fanon long for revolution – Sartre to see his country, France, destroyed, Fanon to see former French colonies liberated. Which of the two seems to want to be destroyed along with the establishment he resists? Why the one and not the other? The preface to Fanon’s book, The Wretched of the Earth, written by Jean-Paul Sartre, delivers a shocking message to the reader, as it comes from a thinker whose outlook on the then world realities and his nature (or posture) of a politically engaged intellectual indicate an emphasis on the humanist values and

Social Issues In Indian Cinema

Social Issues In Indian Cinema Despite its vacillation between the two extremes of sometimes being awfully responsible and at others outright sensational, Indian cinemas efforts in mirroring social reality deserves to be applauded. If popular perception is an indicator, a major part of the social transformation in India can be attributed to cinema social reformist role. The drive to link success of a film to box office returns have undoubtedly led to cinemas commercialisation at the cost of its social and developmental goals. But, despite the commercially driven attempts to cater escapist and fantasy-oriented entertainment, a good part of Indian films continues to be social theme carriers. These films enjoy a unique advantage of remaining out of the censor tangles. Of course, a prominent question remains to be answered is whether cinema can influence and change society. This paper attempts to answer this question through a historical review of the Hindi films. 1.0 Introduction: Lumiere brothers pet invention cinematograph on December 28, 1895, destined to emerge as second opium of the people, completed hundred years of awe-inspiring journey in India. It was in 1912 the first Indian feature film Pundalik was released followed by the Dhundiraj Govind Phalkes fully indigenous feature film Raja Harischandra in 1913. There was no looking back, Indian cinema kept on adding innovative features, both technical and artistic, from time to time to emerge as one of the greatest and most influential film industries in the world. The original camera, the projector, and the screen used by the France brothers have undergone metamorphosis to a stage of cinemas complete digitalization, thanks to innovations in technology. The transformation in characterization and sequencing of narratives is no less important, and so also the cinematic themes. From a stage of being viewed as an art, culture, and entertainment cinema has gradually emerged as an industry driven by profit. The change, indeed, is amazing. But, of the few features which continues to be nurtured is cinemas role as a tool of social transformation. Cinema arrived to India on 7th July, 1896 and first screened at Watsons Hotel in Bombay, latter to be shifted to the Novelty Theatre, by two employees of the Lumiere brothers where in living photographic pictures pictures of man and women, who breathed, moved and danced, were screened. So intrigued and overwhelmed at the screenings at Bombay that many of those who viewed the screenings themselves took to the business of film screening by the very next year. Film making activity started in India by the turn of the 20th century, the earliest short films being photographed in India included such titles as Cocoanut fair the Wrestlers Splendid new views of Bombay and Taboot procession. Harishchandra Sakharam Bhatvadekar shot a wrestling matchand training monkeys by wandering madaris as Indias first factual films then called topicals. Feature film production in India began with Dada Saheb R.G. Torneys Pundalik (Silent, 1909-1911), a devotional subject adopted from a popular stage play. The film was shot with the assistance of a cameraman of Bourne and Shephard, a local firm of photographers and photo equipment, developed and printed in London and released on May 18, 1912 at the coronation Theatre. Dhundraj Govind (Dadasaheb) Phalkes Raja Harishchandrawas released at the Coronation Theatre, Bombay, on May 13, 1913, as Indias first fully indigenous full length feature film. Indias first film comedy, first satire and one of the earliest to have a contemporary theme, making a radical departure from the prevalent trend of devotionals England Returned (Bilet Pherat) was made by Dhirendranath Ganguly in 1921. The Modern era of Indian cinema began with the production of talkies beginning with Ardeshir Iranis Alam Ara in 1931. The invention of talkies boosted the growth of Indian film Industry, and the number of feature films produced in India registered a steady increase year after year. During 1930s and 1940s filmmakers tried to reflect tough social issues on screen or used the struggle for Indian independence as a backdrop for their plots. With India attaining freedom, the issue emerged as a popular topic of Indian cinema makers. Films like Majboor-1948, Shaheed-1948, Samadhi, 26 January rode in popularity. In the late 1950s, Bollywood released its lavish romantic musicals and melodramas casting successful actors like Dev Anand, Dilip Kumar and Raj Kapoor and actresses like Nargis, Meena Kumari, Nutan and Madhubala. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, romance movies and action films starring actors like Rajesh Khanna , Dharmendra, and Manoj Kumar had the sway. By mid-1970s, romantic confections made way for gritty, violent films about gangsters and bandits which created stars out of Amitabh Bachchan, Mithun Chakraborty and Anil Kapoor supported by actresses like Hema Malini, Jaya Bachchan and Rekha. In the mid-1990s, family-centric romantic musicals returned with resounding success of films like Hum Aapke Hain Kaun (1994) and Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995) based on the artistic acumen of actors such as Aamir Khan, Salman Khan and Shah Rukh Khan and actresses such as Sridevi, Madhuri Dixit, Karisma Kapoor and Kajol. Nana Patekar, Ajay Devgan, Manisha Koirala, Tabu and Urmila Matondkar were among the critically acclaimed actors of this generation. In the 2000s, spreading of Bollywoods popularity at the global level drove Indian film making to new heights in terms of quality, cinematography and innovative story lines as well as technical quality advances. Big production houses, like Yash Raj Films and Dharma Productions came to the fore front of film making. In the new millennium the Hindi film industry started its transformation into an industry that tried to get to grips with the business realities of moviemaking. The gradual corporatization of Bollywood resulted in increasing investment, efficient use of resources, generating accountability and reducing monetary losses by curbing piracy and enforcing transparency. Corporate entities Adlabs, Applause films, IDBI, EXIM etc. participate at various stages of the film industry like exhibition, funding, film making and processing, or all. Profit emerges as the driving force of film making in the country. To be precise, patriotic themes of Indian cinema made way for social reform, which undergoes change to embraces fashion of the day while still carrying messages of social reform, then turns out to a fighter to protect the institutions of democracy and freedom. A gamut of issues got representation in Indian cinema-from freedom to unemployment, from poverty to exploitation, from dowry to womens emancipation, from social conflict to national integration, from education to fantasy oriented entertainment. With the transformation of the society, the issues confronting it kept on changing and so also the themes adopted for film making. 1.1 Films on Social Issues Cinema is a mirror of social reality holds good beyond doubt if one looks back at the thematic treatment of Indias mainstream cinema. From the very early years, Indian feature film developed the admirable ability of focusing on different facets of Indian life. The cinemas concerns with social problems continue to be overtly expressed from the thirties, right through to the sixties, in a handful of most significant films. Hindi cinemas golden period in the thirties and the forties did bring forth films not merely presenting but tackling burning issues. How intellectual labour fights al-mighty capital, how young girls revolt against marriage with an old man, how life supersedes love, how inter-communal bliss is thrown asunder by the outside forces, how widows could be remarried and fallen women resurrected , how dowry could lead to tragedy and how convicts could be reformed, how the veneer of westernizing could ruin marriage and friendship, how the rural economy could be freed from the clutches of landlords and money lenders, how the untouchables and other underdogs could be given a more humane life and several such thorny problems were flashed across the countrys screens. In case of fatalism and tragic end, it was a mute protest mean to arouse the collective conscience against the various barriers. Films which talk so directly and movingly about the wrongs of society went onto influence it and shape i t along better lines. Dhirendra Nath Gangulys film the England returned made in 1922, was used as a means to get the audience to think of a social situation in which Indians had been imitating their foreign rulers and creating for themselves new problems within their own society. In 1925, Baburao Painter made the film Savkari Pash which painted an extremely realistic picture of the Indian poor, in the rural vast land, focusing on rural-indebtedness, feudal oppression, the poverty of the peasantry and myriad of problems. In the most outstanding film of the silent era of Indian cinema Savkari Pash, V, Santaram and Kamaladevi enacted the role of an oppressed farmer couple having to suffer both famine and the oppression of the Zamidari system. There were brave efforts to create similar thematic films commenting on the other social ills of Indian society. It is the arrival of the talkie film which brought to fore the contribution of Indian cinema in bringing about social awareness among the Indians to improve their status and remove age-old taboos which young India could ill afford. The period between 1931 and 1946 should be considered as the golden era of cinema of social comment. One is left amazed at the variety of films which Indian cinema of its time picked up for public debate. It is necessary to recall some of these films and their themes to impress upon the reader that Indian cinema even at its worst, was far better in its commitment to its audience and its society. Indian cinema tackled the problems of western culture clashing with Indian (Indira Ma, 1934); protested against arranged mirages and social barriers (Dev Das, 1935); protested against the caste barriers and religious bigotry (Achhut Kanya, 1936), Achhut (1940), promoted Hindu widow remarriage (Bal Yogini, 1936); fought against marriage of young girls with old persons, Duniya Na Mane (1937) and highlighted economic and social disparity (Adhikar, 1938). Indian cinema fought against rural indebtedness in K.A. Abass Dharitri ke Lal (1949); highlighted the problems of alcohol in Brandi Chi Batli (1939), Angoori (1943). The welfare of scheduled castes was highlighted in Malla Pilla, while widow remarriage was the theme of Sumangali. The ills of Zamidari system were highlighted in Raitu Bidda (1940), while the problem of the educated unemployed were best described in Vande Mataram(1948).The problems of unwed mothers was described in film Devta; while the events of dowry was best complimented upon in Dahej(1950). Achhut kanya suggested inter-caste mirages between high and low caste people. Mehbbos Aurat and Mother India, Vimal Roys Do Bigha Zamin and Sujata, Dilip Kumars Ganga Jamuna and Sunil Duttas Mujhe Jeeno Do focused on the socio-economic causes of the very Indian problem. 1.2 Sex and Violence in Indian Cinema Bollywoods sense of commitment to mirror social reality has hardly remained untouched by market force influences. Despite cinema being born in a form to creatively portray social reality, the drive to link success of a film to box office returns eventually led to its commercialisation. Profit prioritisation overpowering its social and developmental goals, obscenity and lewdness emerged as an integral feature of Indian cinema. The official censor history reveal that the film MERI AWAZ SUNO (1981) was first granted an A certificate, but was subsequently suspended citing that the film depicts excessive violence. In 1994, the film BANDIT QUEEN was suggested for 17 cuts especially scenes of frontal nudity. The film KAMA SUTRA- A TALE of LOVE (1996), was denied a certificate citing it pornographic only to be certified after two scenes of nudity were erased. The film FIRE (1998), which explicitly screened the homosexual relationships between two women (often termed as lesbianism), resulted in violent protest against it which forced the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting to refer it back to the Censor Board for review. The anti-war and anti-nuclear documentary film Jung-aur-aman (War and Peace) as the censors claimed, suggested a bias against the minority Muslims when aid was distributed after the Gujrat earth quake 2001. The list of such films touched by censor wrangles for depicting sex and violence gets longer even if the country emerges as the most prolific film producing country in the world. At times it is sex, at times it is excessive violence (Aakrosh, 2003), at others it is kissing on screen (Khwaish), even at others it is smoking on screen (God Mother, 1999, Pyar -To-Hona Hi Tha). Though the issues of censor contention generally revolved round sleaze, sensuality, sexuality, nudity and permissiveness, overdose of obscenity and lewdness has been doing more harm to the image of the Bollywood. Sometimes sex and violence is deliberately incorporated to attract viewers, though family melo-dramas are no less popular. 1.3 Social Impacts of Films Any discussion on films and society confronts a vital question dose cinema have any impact on the society. There are two schools of thought on this issue among film makers. One line of thinking believe that films can never affect or reform the social body or the events taking place within it, but the other believes that the medium does have a direct or indirect impact on social streams, even though it may not be immediately perceptible. The former cites the example that just after a couple of excellent anti-war films were exhibited, the second world war engulfed humanity hence cinema cannot and should not offer any solutions for social problems raised by its writer and directors, by its content and style. The mere exposition of the problem is enough and there ends cinemas artistic obligation as well as compulsion. The later, however, stretches cinemas role further to promote a thought process and line of action where by the viewers are provoked into trying a change for the better. Fi lms, which talked directly and movingly about the wrongs of society, go on to influence it and shape it along better lines. The most important contribution of cinema to society is that by sheer usage it has grown to be a standard reference for most kinds of questions and situations, where elementary knowledge and practice are needed (Rangoonwalla, 1995:7). The mass mind picks up such points largely and stores them in some mental corner, to be reactivated while seeking or giving answers and guidance. Some of the life patterns and conclusions propagated by them could be having social repercussions below the outer of everyday life. Violence, crime and sex are made to look easy and frivolous, without much of retribution to follow. The magic of cinema is virtually unfathomable. The very mention of cinema conjures up a rainbow of captivating images. A vital aspect of Indian cinema is its unifying character. The Indian films have been subtly albeit consistently promoting the ideas of national integration and communal harmony. A part of the socio-economic cultural transformation can be attributed to the cinema as films usually generate social mobility, fluidity and an overall sense of oneness among people of different backgrounds (Rangoonwalla, 1995:7).The society is ripe with cases of crimes and criminals being emulated from the screen and so also the attitude to suicide as a way of dejection, mostly in love. Fashion including smoking and drinking, in many cases, are inspired from cinema characters. The vast fan followings of stars like Rajesh Khanna, Amitabh Bachhan, Mithun Chatkrabothy are eloquent testimony to the social impacts of films. A study by Dr. Sativa Bhakry shows that Cinema can play both positive as well as negative roles in society. It can have positive impacts in terms of providing entertainment, enhancing information and knowledge, sensitizing people about urgent issues of society, in creating sociability and offering catharsis. It offers release from tensions of daily life. Cinema can also play an equally negative role in teaching wrong values, generating social and sexual violence and crime, providing escape from reality into a dream world of fantasy instead of facing up to the problems of life, encouraging adoption of destructive role models and in encouraging cynicism about social institutions (Bhakhry, 1995:71-76). 1.4 Freedom of Artistic Expression and its Limits Article 19(1) (a) of the Indian Constitution guarantees to every citizen of India the right to freedom of speech and expression; also assures the freedom of media, though it is not separately stated. This right to freedom of speech and expression includes within it, the right to collect and receive information from anywhere and through any legitimate means, the right to disseminate information and express opinion (Sawant, 1997). The freedom granted under 19(1) (a) is not absolute, and is subject to restrictions contained in Article 19(2) of the Indian constitution. The restrictions have, of course to be reasonable meaning there by that; they must have a direct nexus with ground on which they are imposed. But, to extend the scope of censorship to considerations of public taste and ban a mater which does not fall within the limits of the reasonable restrictions clause would not be legal(Vasudev,1979). Again, the media, when run as a business, is also subject to the restrictions, which may be imposed by the state on any business, under Article 19(6) of the constitution. Cinema as a medium of mass communication is also subjected to restrictions contained in article 19(2) of the constitution and set out in section 5-B of the Indian Cinematograph (Amendment) Act, 1959. In a celebrated Supreme Court judgment in 1970, in the case brought before it by K.A. Abbas, regarding his film A Tale of Four Cities declared that, Censorship falls under constitutional guarantee of freedom of speech and expression and that while pre censorship of films does not contravene those guarantees per se, is still a justifiable issue and cannot be decided by a government official (Dayal, 1987). The Supreme Court said, Censorship in India (and pre-censorship is not different in quality) has full justification in the field of exhibition of cinema films and the censorship imposed on the making and exhibition of films is in the interest of the society. If the regulations venture into something, which goes beyond the legitimate opening to restrictions, they can be questioned on the ground that a legitimate power is being abused. We hold, therefore, that censorship of films, including prior restraint, is justified under our constitution (Vasudev, 1978). Platos polemics of art and artists urged strict censorship of the arts because of their influence on moulding peoples characters. Using his theory of forms, Plato claimed that artists and poets couldnt usually explain their works; as they are seized by irrational inspiration, a sort of divine madness. Therefore, the vital opinions of the community could be shaped by law and that men could be penalized for saying things that offended public sensibilities, undermined common morality, or subverted the institutions of the community. Acclaimed film critic and a spiritual champion of the right to freedom of expression, Noel Burch (1973) claimed I doubt if anybody will advocate freedom from interference of the state machinery to be extended to the commercial exploitation of a powerful medium of expression and entertainment like cinema. One can imagine the result if an unbridled commercial cinema is allowed to cater to the lowest common denominator of popular taste. Freedom of expression, therefore, cannot and should not be interpreted as a license for the cinemagnates to make money by pandering to and thereby propagating, shoddy and vulgar taste. While emphasizing the role of cinema as a vehicle of modernism, Indias first Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru has also advocated some amount of social control to ward off its bad effects (Vasudev, 1978:107). Tanuja Chandra claims that the artists have every right to give expression to the work of art and viewers have an equal right to reject it, if they do not like it either in part or whole. The entertainment part of cinema, she argues is of much important than the emotional part. Veteran actor turned Member of Parliament Satrughna Sinha claims that in a country like India films reach the widest possible and most diversified audience. As a medium of mass communication it can exercise the most tremendous and potent influence on the public. The rampant use of blatant sex and gruesome violence (as commodities for sale by the producers) can terribly shake a nation; the ruinous elements can easily shatter the society before the common law can give protection (TOI, 2006). John Dayal Claims that more and more people, especially the younger, look forward to watch the blatant display of sex and violence on the screen. If this virus is allowed to the artery of our national blood, the society will be infested with unruly elements with hardly any care for our social values and traditional tenets, which will eventually lead to chaos and anarchy in the society. Curbs are, therefore, necessary to protect the moral health of the nation and to ensure that cinema does not hurt the sensibilities or interests of the extraordinarily heterogeneous people that constitute the Indian nation (Dayal, 1987:61). 1.5 Research Design and Methods Analyzing a complex issue like social impacts of films demands a multidisciplinary approach. A historical review of the Hindi films reveals the presentation of social issues in contrast to other issues in Indian cinema. A review of cinema as a means of artistic expression provides pertinent clues about the social impacts of cinema. Constitutional and legal provisions, judgments of Supreme Court and High Courts, observations of various committees and commissions, legal adjudications on film censorship decisions, decisions of the Censor Board, and the policy guidelines issued from time to time provide an appropriate background for understanding the legal status of right to freedom of expression and its limits. The existing theories on film-society linkages, the research studies on social impacts of films, in addition to the study of the legal back ground mentioned above revels the ideal limits of artistic expression and moral decency in India. Of late, growing recognition of freedom of expression as a fundamental human right and the arguments against any kind of restriction on that right, coupled with the digital communication technology enabled scope for duplication and delivery of contents questions afresh the role of social films, of course, the socio-cultural conditions of a nation is an equally important factor. So it is the public opinion, defined and redefined by the changing socio-cultural environment that can be a real indicator of the social impacts of films and the need for films on social themes in the country. As such, the study primarily builds on the social survey method of research, a pre-structured questionnaire being the principal tool of data collection. The opinion survey constitutes the primary data, where as the secondary data culled from newspapers, journals, books and of course the Web provides significant input to the study. The universe for the study primarily comprises the academic community, including students, teachers and other academic staff of the universities. To represent the academic community Berhampur University (Odisha), Aligarh Muslim University (Uttar Pradesh), and Gauhatii and Nagalandi universities in the North-Eastern Parts of India were selected. The sample respondents were selected applying the stratified random sampling method. The academic community of the selected universities were identifies as three distinct groups- students, teachers, and academic staff of which 100, 40, and 20 respectively were selected randomly to constitute the sample for the study. While selecting the respondents gender and age have been kept in mind to make the sample a true representative of the universe, despite majority of respondents being post graduate students. All the 160 sample respondents so selected were administered a pre-structured questionnaire comprising 15 questions on various aspects of film ing practices and impacts of films on the society in India. The researcher could collect a total of 128 completed questionnaires of which 80 representing the students, 32 representing the teachers and 16 of the other academic staff. The responses so collected are codified and presented in tables 1-7. The codified and tabulated opinions are analysed using simple statistical techniques including the weighted average method. The alternative responses (say N) to a question are assigned priorities from 1 to N by the respondents. The responses from 1st to Nth priorities are assigned weightages N to 1 respectively and are multiplied by their respective frequencies n1,n2,n3nN-1,nN (number of respondents giving the same priority to a response).The weightage of each priority of a response are added to calculate the total weightage of a response. As such, the total weightage of a response is calculated to be: TW=NXn1+(N-1)Xn2+(N-2)Xn3+. . . . . . . .+N-(N-2)XnN-1+N-(N-1)XnN = NX(1st priority frequency)+(N-1)X(second priority frequency)+(N-2)X(3rd priority frequency)+ +2(N-1)th priority frequency+1(Nth priority frequency) The extracts of the personal interviews of a number of Bollywoodii personalities including actors, directors, producers on the issue of cinema censorship, published in sections of the media, have been incorporated to represent the views of the Indian film industry. 1.6 Public Perception on Cinematic Obligations The respondents were asked to mention the kinds of impact films have on society by selecting the appropriate alternative. The responses so obtained are presented in table-1, which evinces that 14.84 % of the respondents feel that films have positive impact on the society where as 20.31 % of them feel that films have negative impact. But a whopping majority (53.90%) of them agree that films do have impact, positive, negative or both, on the society.07.03 % does not see any impact of films, where as 3.91 % have no idea about social impacts of films. Table-1: What kinds of Impact does films have on the Indian Society? Response No of Respondents % age Positive Impact 19 14.84 Negative Impact 26 20.31 Both positive and negative impact 69 53.90 No impacts 09 07.03 Dont Know 05 3.91 The respondents were asked to mention in order of preference the mentioned positive impacts of films on the society. The responses presented in table -2 revels that the respondents strongly believe that films do have positive impacts in sensitizing the people about urgent social issues. The respondents are also impressed with the role of films as an entertainer. What closely follows these are films release tension and they keep the audience informed and educated on important issues confronting the society. Table-2: Positive Impacts of Films Impact 1st priority 2nd priority 3rd priority 4th priority 5th priority Total weightage Rank order Inform and educate 11(12.5) 13 22 28 14 243 2nd Entertain 25(28.41) 27 22 12 02 325 1st Sensitize about urgent social issues 25(28.41) 26 24 11 02 325 1st Instil positive values 09(10.23) 07 13 27 32 198 4th Release tension 18(20.45) 15 07 10 38 229 3rd TW (Total Weightage) =1st priorityX5+2nd priorityX4+3rd priorityX3+4th priorityX2+5th priorityX1 R (Rank) = rank of total weightage Table-3: Negative Impacts of Films Impact 1st priority 2nd priority 3rd priority 4th priority Total weightage Rank order Teach wrong values 21(22.10) 27 26 21 238 2nd Promotes sex and violence 28(29.47) 25 26 16 254 1st Provide escape route from real problems to a dream world 22(23.16) 18 23 32 220 4th Encourage destructive role models 24(25.26) 25 20 26 235 3rd TW (Total Weightage) =1st priorityX5+2nd priorityX4+3rd priorityX3+4th priorityX2+5th priorityX1 R (Rank) = rank of total weightage Among the negative impacts of films presented in table-3, promoting sex and violence tops the list. The audience closely believes that films provide an escape route from real problems to a dream world. The third major impacts mentioned are teaching wrong values, and encourage destructive role models. A question was asked regarding what should be the primary goal of film making. The respondents were asked to mention the mentioned alternatives in order of priority and the responses so obtained are presented in table-4. Table-4: What should be primary goal of film making? 1st Priority 2nd priority 3rd priority 4th priority 5th priority Total weightage Rank Profit generation 19(14.84) 17 21 28 43 325 5th Presentation of social issues to public notice 23(17.96) 27 18 22 38 359 4th Generate Social Change and development 39(30.47) 36 28 17 08 466 1st Eradication of social evils 21(16.40) 23 29 34 21 373 3rd Promote pro-social values 26(20.31) 25 32 27 18 398 2nd TW (Total Weightage) =1st priorityX5+2nd priorityX4+3rd priorityX3+4th priorityX2+5th priorityX1 R (Rank) = rank of total weightage Data in table-4 transpire that film makers first and foremost artistic obligation should be to try for positive social change through films, closely followed by the goal of promoting pro-social values. Notably, the artistic obligation of creatively presenting a social issue before the public without expecting or suggesting any social change from it, which is the line of thinking of the Avant Garde film makers finds third priority among the respondents. Equal

Essays --

Analysis and Critique of Reading Assignment 1 Paper â€Å"Limits of Instruction-Level Parallelism† In this report the author provides quantifiable results that show the available parallelism. The report defines various terminologies like Instruction Level parallelism, dependencies, Branch Prediction, Data Cache Latency, Jump prediction, Memory-address alias analysis etc. used clearly. A total of eighteen test programs with seven models have been examined and the results show significant effects of the variations on the standard models. The seven models reflect parallelism that is available by various compiler/architecture techniques like branch prediction, register renaming etc. The lack of branch prediction means that it finds intra-block parallelism, and the lack of renaming and alias analysis means it won’t find much of that. The Good model doubles the parallelism, mostly because it introduces some register renaming. Parallelism increases with the model type; while the model adds more advanced features without perfect branch prediction it cannot exceed even the half of t he Perfect model's parallelism. All tests conducted show that the parallelism of entire program executions avoided the question of what constitutes a 'representative' interval because to select a particular interval where the program is at its most parallel stage would be misleading. Widening the cycles would also help in improvising parallelism. Doubling the cycle width improves parallelism; appreciably under the Perfect model. But, most of the programs do not benefit from wide cycle widths even under the Perfect model. Depiction to the parallelism behaviour due to window techniques. Evidently discrete window widening tends to result in lower level of parallelism th... ...h prediction and jump prediction, the negative effect of misprediction can be greater than the positive effects of multiple issues. Alias analysis is better than none, though it rarely increased parallelism by more than a quarter. 75% improvement has been achieved under "alias analysis by compiler" on the programs that do use the heap. Renaming did not improve the parallelism much, but degraded it in a few cases. With few real registers, hardware dynamic renaming offers little over a reasonable static allocator. A few have either increased or decreased parallelism with great latencies. Instruction Level Parallelism basics are well explained. Pipelining is important than size of the program. Increased ILP by branch prediction and loop unrolling techniques. But cycles lost in misprediction and memory aliases handling at compiler time have not been taken into account.